Dinevich I.A.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the different approaches of the linguists of XIX-XXI centuries to the word problem of a category of state. It considers scientific theories about the grammatical status of the lexical-semantic, morphological, syntactic and functional features of lexemes of the given parts of speech through the prism of the paradigms of General Linguistics and it is implemented using descriptive and comparative methods of research. The analysis of Russian and foreign literature led to the conclusion that the question of the words of category of state as a special class of significant words up to the present time is insufficiently understood and controversial, requiring action the following issues: terminology unification, part-of-speech independent of each other; clear demarcation of functional homonyms (adverbs short adjectives, nouns), determine quantitative and qualitative composition of the lexico-semantic level within a given part of speech and a deep description of its grammatical and functional features. However, despite the existing problems the description of this part of speech can with certainty be argued that the words with the categories of state represent a unique linguistic phenomenon, which is reflected in the grammatical paradigms of the Russian language during the XIX-XXI centuries. The representatives of different scientific paradigms considered word category condition through the prism of evolutionary, institutional or functional aspect of this linguistic phenomenon.